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5/1/2006

Kashiwa-mochi in May

Filed under: - weblog @ 2:30 pm

kashiwamochi

As the cherry blossoms fade and the fresh green leaves emerge, it is now time for Japan to display fish-shaped streamers up and down the land.

The streamers are called “koi-nobori,” and are carp-shaped streamers used as part of the Boys’ Festival on May 5th, when Japanese people pray for all boys’ growth and overall health. At this time of year it is common to see more active little boys running around in a garden as splendid koi-nobori flutter overhead.
The Boys’ Festival is known today as a traditional event to celebrate and wish for boys’ growth. However, the original meaning of this seasonal event was based on the desire to drive out evil spirits. In the 8th century, Japanese people hung iris flowers on the walls of their house. Then regarded as a medicinal herb, the iris was thought to prevent illness or misfortune and even led to the tradition of bathing in an iris bath on May 5th.

In Japanese, an ‘iris’ is called a “shobu,” a Japanese homonym that also means respect for military practice. As a military government was established in 12th century Japan, the characteristics and the purpose of the event gradually changed.

In the 17th century, May 5th was then regarded as an important day on which to celebrate the birth and growth of a boy who just happened to be the successor and military force candidate of a particular family. At that time, the Tokugawa shogunate initiated the custom of putting up flags when a boy was born but only for the ruling elite. Commoners, not allowed to put up their own flags for the same reason, instead hung out carp-shaped streamers to invoke the carp’s symbolic meaning of success. This is said to be the origin of today’s koi-nobori.

Kashiwa-mochi is a seasonal Japanese confectionery popular during this season and consists of a sweet rice cake wrapped in kashiwa (oak) leaves. Two types of sweet paste are used inside the cake; either a sweet bean paste or a paste that is a mixture of miso and bean paste.

The reason oak leaves are used relates to the fact that these leaves don’t actually fall until new buds emerge. For this reason, since the 17th century, people have seen kashiwa-mochi as a symbol to pray to, to ensure their family name will last forever. Today, kashiwa-mochi is still popular as a seasonal sweet for the Boys’ Festival, and is sold at all and every Japanese confectionery shop from April to May. Some mothers even make their own kashiwa-mochi for their children. To many Japanese people, kashiwa-mochi is not just a traditional sweet for eating on May 5th, but is also a reminder of a happy childhood and days of being nurtured by the love of adult relatives and friends.

As times changed though, the meaning of the Boy’s Festival also changed. In modern Japan, the day is defined as a national holiday called “Children’s Day.” On this day, events and parties are held for all children, not only for boys.

If you have the opportunity to visit Japan on this day, you’ll find kids everywhere enjoying their day off as koi-nobori fill skies around the country. Please count how many carp you see and recall the happy memories from your own childhood.

[Kashiwa-mochi information]
Kashiwa-mochi is a moist-type of sweet wrapped in kashiwa (oak) leaves.
Ingredients: Rice flour, sugar, sweet bean paste or a mixture of sweet bean paste and miso.

by Sawako Fujii

5月のお菓子

柏餅

 桜の花が散り、若葉が美しい季節になる頃、街のあちこちで、魚の形をした幟(のぼり)が目につくようになる。これは、鯉をかたどった「鯉幟」と呼ばれるもの。5月5日の端午の節句にちなみ、男の子の成長と健康を願って立てられる。勇壮な鯉幟が泳ぐその庭先で、元気な男の子が走り回っている、そんな風景に出会うことも多いのではないだろうか。

 端午の節句は、男の子の成長を祝う伝統行事として知られているが、もとは、季節の変わり目に行う厄除けの行事であった。8世紀頃の日本では、人々は、5月5日に、病気や災いを追い払う薬草と考えられていた菖蒲の花を軒につるしたり、菖蒲湯につかったりしたといわれている。この菖蒲(しょうぶ)という響きが尚武(武事・軍事を重んずること)に通じたことから、12世紀の武家政権成立以降、この行事の性格は変わっていった。17世紀以降、5月5日は、家の跡継ぎであり、軍力となる男子の誕生・成長を祝う日として、重要な意味を持つようになった。当時、将軍家では、男子が誕生すると幟端を立てる風習があった。幟端を立てることが許されなかった庶民の間で、立身出世の象徴である鯉の幟を立てるようになったことが、現在の鯉幟の起源といわれている。

 柏餅は、この時期に食される和菓子のひとつである。柏の葉にくるまれた餡入りの餅で、小豆餡の入ったものと、味噌餡の入ったものの2種類がある。柏の木の葉は、新芽が出るまで落ちないことから、17世紀頃から、家督が絶えず、子孫が繁栄することを願って柏餅を食す習慣が始まったようだ。端午の節句のお菓子として、4月から5月にかけて各地で売られている。手作りする家庭もあるようだ。多くの日本人にとって、柏餅は、伝統的な和菓子というよりも、多くの人々の愛情に守られていた子ども時代の思い出そのものなのではないだろうか。

 時代の変化につれて、その意味を変えてきた端午の節句は、現代の日本においては「子どもの日」として国民の祝日に定められている。この日、、男の子に限らず、子どもを対象にしたイベントやパーティーも各地で多数開催される。この日に日本にいらっしゃることがあれば、いたるところで元気な子どもたちに出会えることだろう。そして、空に泳ぐ鯉幟の数を数えながら、ご自身の子ども時代の幸せな思い出を、ひとつ、ふたつ、と思い出されることと思う。

[柏餅情報]
柏葉でくるんだ生菓子
主な材料:上新粉、砂糖、餡(主に、小豆餡、味噌餡の2種類)


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